WASHINGTON — Democrats have glimpsed their biggest threat this fall, and she is Grandma.
One reason President Barack Obama and other party leaders are rolling out campaigns this week to energize young and minority voters for November's elections is that they've seen the polling data on senior citizens, and it's ugly.
Democrats once counted on voters older than 65, but many seniors' loyalties changed in the past decade. That's partly because of the parties' stands on policy such as fiscal and personal responsibility, and partly, experts said, because the demographic changed. Many of today's seniors started voting in the 1950s, when Republican Dwight Eisenhower was president. The number of seniors whom FDR converted to Democrats in the '30s is shrinking fast.
A majority of seniors backed Republican Sen. John McCain of Arizona over Obama in 2008. The seniors' current tilt toward Republicans is being reinforced by Obama's biggest accomplishment as president: the health care overhaul.
A George Washington University Battleground Poll this month found that only 36 percent of likely voters who were 65 and older approved of the health care legislation, which expands and mandates health insurance coverage. That was the lowest approval rating of any voter age group.
For November's congressional elections, the poll found that seniors are far more inclined to vote for Republicans than for Democrats, by 48 percent to 33 percent.
"Other than enthusiasm of our base, it's probably the biggest problem we face," said Celinda Lake, the Democratic pollster partner of the bipartisan poll.
Seniors' view of the health overhaul could change before the elections, of course. Several insurers have announced in recent days that they'll speed up their participation in some consumer-friendly elements of the law. Further, California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, a Republican, on Thursday announced his plans to put politics aside in the interest of making the overhaul work for residents of his state, a move that Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius praised.
Seniors are far more likely to vote in nonpresidential elections than young voters are. In the latest Gallup tracking poll, 41 percent of seniors were "very enthusiastic" about voting this year, nearly twice as high as registered voters younger than 30.
Consider two independent seniors who live in the retirement community of Sun City West, Ariz.:
Helen Burnside, 84, a retired nursing school dean, voted for Obama because "the country was going to hell in a handbasket" under Republicans.
She thought that a health care overhaul was needed but she fears that with the new law "the whole thing's going to implode." She's disappointed in the Democrats' failure to enact an immigration overhaul, and she thinks that the money Democrats have taken from Wall Street donors compromises them as much as it does Republicans.
"I generally vote," Burnside said, but this year "I don't know who our people are."
Faye Liebling, 78, voted for McCain in 2008 because she doubted that Obama could deliver on many promises. She hasn't changed her mind.
"With this medical bill, where's he going to get the money?" she said. "Who's going to pay for it?" She didn't like the bailouts for auto companies and banks, either. The bank bailouts began under former President George W. Bush but they continued under Obama.
"If I would vote Democrat, it's like I am supporting him," she said of Obama. "And I'll be very honest, I don't want to support him. I don't agree with him on a lot of things."
The health care debate alarmed a lot of seniors, said Robert Binstock, a professor at Cleveland's Case Western Reserve University who focuses on aging and health.
"This whole business about death panels and pulling the plug on granny has whipped up older people," Binstock said.
Even though many Republican myths about the health care measure have been debunked, Binstock said seniors remained worried about the law's impact on Medicare and the care they received.
Seniors so far haven't been swayed by Democrats' assurances that the health law will extend Medicare's solvency by a decade or longer, reduce the budget deficit and cover the Medicare Part D prescription-drug "doughnut hole" for seniors within a decade, starting with $250 rebates this year.
Organizing for America, the Democratic National Committee project that rallies support for Obama's initiatives, concentrates on mobilizing 2008's first-time voters, but also is mounting senior-to-senior phone banks and e-mails.
Organizing for America spokeswoman Lynda Tran said the project's focus on re-engaging first-time voters "is absolutely not to the exclusion of connecting with other key groups, including seniors."
One senior who's involved in the effort is Pat Canady, 67, an Obama voter from Tucson, Ariz.
Canady said the Democrats and independents she talked to supported Democratic efforts to impose new rules on the finance industry. The feedback she's getting from seniors on health care has been "50-50," however.
"A lot of them listen to the sound bites and the fear," she said. "The fear is huge in our country right now. We have to make sure we're out there all the time talking to people."
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